Understanding ADHD: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
- Alan Sun
- May 12, 2023
- 2 min read
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and it is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders for children. Typically identified in early childhood, ADHD frequently persists into adulthood. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with maintaining focus, managing impulsive actions (sometimes acting without considering the consequences), or exhibiting heightened levels of activity.
There are 3 main ways ADHD presents itself, and that is inattentive presentation, hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined presentation. Inattentive presentation is characterized by inattentive concentration or a lack of sustained attention, such as procrastination, hesitation, and forgetfulness. Hyperactive presentation is characterized by hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Combined presentation is a combination of both kinds.
Scientists are still trying to find causes and risk factors of ADHD to find better ways to manage and reduce the chances of a person having ADHD. Recent studies link genetic factors to ADHD. Possible causes and risk factors include brain injury, alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy, premature delivery, low birth weight, etc. Environmental factors seem to not be the primary causes of ADHD. However, they may certainly worsen the symptoms.
There are 5 types of medicine licensed for the treatment of ADHD: Methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine, atomoxetine, guanfacine. These medicines are not permanent cures for ADHD but it certainly may help someone with their conditions and assist them to concentrate better and be less impulsive.
Behavior therapy offers assistance to caregivers of children with ADHD and may engage both teachers and parents in the process. The therapy typically incorporates behavior management techniques, employing a reward system to motivate the child to better manage their ADHD.
For a child with ADHD, it involves identifying specific behaviors to promote, like sitting at the table to eat. The child is then rewarded with small incentives for exhibiting positive behavior.
If you or your doctor has concerns about ADHD, you can take your child to a specialist such as a child psychologist. The National Resource Center operates a call center (1-866-200-8098) with trained staff to answer questions about ADHD.
References:
Comentarios